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The name of Italy is at least three thousand years old and has an history that goes back to pre-Roman Italy. ==History== ''Italia'', the ancient name of the Italian peninsula, which is also eponymous of the modern republic, originally applied only to a part of what is now Southern Italy – according to Antiochus of Syracuse, the southern portion of the Bruttium peninsula (modern Calabria):〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Origins of the Name 'Italy' )〕 province of Reggio and part of the provinces of Catanzaro and Vibo Valentia). The town of Catanzaro has a road sign (in Italian) also stating this fact. But by this time Oenotria and Italy had become synonymous, and the name also applied to most of Lucania as well. Coins bearing the name ''Italia'' were minted by an alliance of Italic peoples (Sabines, Samnites, Umbrians and others) competing with Rome in the 1st century BC.〔Guillotining, M., History of Earliest Italy, trans. Ryle, M & Soper, K. in Jerome Lectures, Seventeenth Series, p.50〕 The Greeks gradually came to apply the name ''Italia'' to a larger region, but it was during the reign of Augustus, at the end of the 1st century BC, that the term was expanded to cover the entire peninsula until the Alps, now entirely under Roman rule.〔Pallottino, M., History of Earliest Italy, trans. Ryle, M & Soper, K. in Jerome Lectures, Seventeenth Series, p. 50〕 The ultimate etymology of the name is uncertain, in spite of numerous suggestions.〔Alberto Manco, ''Italia. Disegno storico-linguistico'', 2009, Napoli, L'Orientale, ISBN 978-88-95044-62-0〕 According to the most widely accepted explanation, Latin 〔OLD, p. 974: "first syll. naturally short (cf. Quint. ''Inst.'' 1.5.18), and so scanned in Lucil.825, but in dactylic verse lengthened ''metri gratia''."〕 may derive from ''víteliú'', meaning "() of young cattle" (c.f. Lat ''vitulus'' "calf"), via Greek transmission (evidenced in the loss of initial digamma).〔J.P. Mallory and D.Q. Adams, ''Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture'' (London: Fitzroy and Dearborn, 1997), 24.〕 The bull was a symbol of the southern Italic tribes and was often depicted goring the Roman wolf as a defiant symbol of free Italy during the Social War. Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus states this account together with the legend that Italy was named after Italus,〔Dionysius of Halicarnassus, ''Roman Antiquities'', (1.35 ), on LacusCurtius〕 mentioned also by Aristotle〔Aristotle, ''Politics'', (7.1329b ), on Perseus〕 and Thucydides.〔Thucydides, ''The Peloponnesian War'', (6.2.4 ), on Perseus〕 After the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the Lombard invasions, "Italia" was retained as the name for their kingdom, and for its successor kingdom within the Holy Roman Empire, which nominally lasted until 1806, although it had ''de facto'' disintegrated due to factional politics pitting the empire against the ascendant city republics in the 13th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Name of Italy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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